Marketing Mix in Cafe Coffee Day Essay Example For Students

Marketing Mix in Cafe Coffee Day Essay Page no-1 Kcb id-13480 MBA ASSIGNMENT ASSIGNMENT TITLE Abstract In hospitality industry there is much kind of outlets like hotels and resorts, restaurants, bar, coffee shop these are the place is serving food and beverage here I am going to give my research about coffee shops which providing like hot and warm coffees and quick bites to the customers. I did my research work on Indian coffee shop company who having more than 900 cafe in 91 major cities in India and 4 cafe in overseas. INTRODUCTION COMPANY PROFILE Cafe coffee day is favorite and largest coffee shop chain in India . his coffee shop is one of the part of amalgamated bean coffee trading ltd. (ABCTCL),it is commonly known as a cafe coffee day. Coffee day is opened first cafe in 1996 on brigade road in Bangalore, and today coffee day company has the largest cafe retail chain in India with 895 cafes across 71 major cities in India. And this is a 300 core ISO 9002 certified company. Coffee day has international customers who a re love coffee countries like America, Europe, and Japan and coffee day has 75 percentage of coffee bean production as well. Coffee day has six different divisions include cafe coffee day. * Coffee day fresh n Ground(354 coffee bean and powder retail outlets) * Coffee day Xpress (341 coffee day kiosk) * Coffee day Take away (7000 vending machines) * Coffee day Exports * Cafe coffee Day * Coffee day Perfect Cafe coffee day is known as a CCD this short word very famous in college students and school students this is one of the pioneered cafe concept in India in 1996 by opening a first cafe . n 19th century the coffee drinking habit was restricted to the intellectual, the need for a relaxed and fun â€Å"hangout† for the emerging urban youth in the country was clearly seen. And it’s very perfect land mark for meetings and especially for students who wants to do their studies with their group and having fun and cafe coffee day giving very good land mark in Indian Major and coffee day being in very important role in Indian tourism industry Cities. Recognizing the potential that lay ahead on the horizon, cafe coffee day embarked on a dynamic journey to become large organized retail cafe chain with a distinct brand identity of its own Cafe coffee day in the past 13 years 1996 1st cafe| v 2001 14 cafes in 6 cities| v 2005First cafe open in Europe (Vienna)| v 2006First cafe open in Pakistan| v 2008607 cafes across 98 cities in| v FutureTargeting to middle east and 19 more cafe in Pakistan and 6 more cafe in Vienna. | +

Implementation Marketing Strategy Practice -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Implementation Marketing Strategy Practice? Answer: Introduction An organizations resource and its capabilities represent its competitive assets that can be used to compete and gain the ability to succeed in the market. The Hennes MauritzCompany operates in over 69 markets across 4700 stores with 114,586 numbers of employees. The brand stands to be $19 billion in the market. Human capital engaged in its production and managing process is hired from across the countries (About.hm.com 2018). Its main resource stands out to be its cross cultural employees working with the brand. The capabilities can be considered as its high responsiveness of the trends that it adapts to attract more of its customers (Arrigo 2018). It has a good purchasing power and utilizes its suppliers accordingly to achieve the target. The brand collaborates with best designers such as Balmain, which turns out to stand as the capability for the company. The company has a strong social media presence and uses long term advertising campaigns. VRIN Analysis VRIN framework stand for the analysis of valuable, rare, imitate and non substitutable. Valuable The brand has a strong culture involvement in its process with the management following non-hierarchical style which helps to generate innovation from within the organization which is valuable. The company has a strong adaptability to the new market environment with ensuring improvements assuming the given feedback of the customers with the help of media relationship; this is possible for its diverse workforce (Nadeem et al. 2015). Its advertising campaigns also help to grab the customers attention which is really important to HM to make it stand unique from its competitors. The competent leaders, strong corporate culture Persson familys legacy are the valuable of HM. In addition HM is the leading user of Organic cotton in the world. Rare The leadership of HM becomes rare with its market and brand positioning methods as compared to its competitors (Youell 2013). It is essential for every company to maintain its resources securely because the internal clients of the company are its main sources that needs to be distinguished from others to generate effective management. Its human resource is considered to be the organizations sustainable advantage. Encouraging experimentation, trial and error learning, decision making and trying of new ideas is rare to HM. Cost Imitate Procuring more cost in operating the store, purchasing the garments with its best designers across the world leads to temporary competitive advantage (Shen 2014). Similarly, brand and reputation cannot be imitated because the company has strong influence in its market across the world is considered to sustainable competitive advantage to the organization. The unique design of its stores are cost imitate and competitive advantageous also. Non Substitutable The human resource management, the family majority and long term membership leads to financial support and supply chain management are crucial departments in the organization that cannot be functionally substitutes (Li et al. 2014). All lead to sustainable competitive advantage of the organization along with the three generation of the Persson family contribution. HMs business model: fast-fashion and cheap and chic serves as a non-substitutable resource which can be termed as temporary competitive advantage. Value chain analysis Value chain is the set of activities taking place in an organization that creates product and service. The set of activities can be divided into two primary and supporting activities. Primary Activities In fashion industry it is important to have short lead time to benefit as the fashion products have short period of life. In the present time, the brand takes 3-6 weeks of lead after the completion of the garments by the designers. Hence, HM is aiming to cut its lead time with the help of effective logistics and advanced planning (About.hm.com 2018). It ensures that its distribution channels work efficiently as every country has its own distribution centre which distributes to the stores (Mo 2015). The distributions to online customers are delivered by the distribution centre itself .HM always had its best tried to attract the customers and build a strong value for its brand image. The company focuses to offer the best price with the best quality. Occupying a huge market that subsequently helps the brand to reduce its cost and then they collaborate with the suppliers of different markets to enable the production to take place in it lowest cost. The brand maintains to combine fashion and best possible price to concern more customer satisfaction. Support activities Being the second Europes cloth retailer company, HM has its main recourse as its material and labor (About.hm.com 2018). It can stand out to be a point where the small changes made by the company can affect its profit. The company does not own any factories where production can take place which creates problem by not giving any control over the production prices (Cortez et al. 2015). Instead the company works with independent suppliers. Many of its labors are from the poorest countries and garment production takes place there. This leads to a small advantage that it does not need to be dependent on its suppliers if any problem occurs. The European Situation The brand HM has acquired the market across the world in the clothing retailer and stands out to be the second biggest company in Sweden. The textile and fashion industry in European market has trend to increase in the present times focusing more on the wider variety of products with higher quality. The HM Company is also focusing to provide more affordable prices and make competitive advantage of attracting its customers by affordable prices all over the world and providing its employees the best working environment (About.hm.com 2018). This year the sales report stands out to show a little drop down of 11% in the sales percentage of the company (Ft.com, 2018). The company is focusing more to offer its customers the experience of online shopping. The HM operates with its unique brands listed as HM, COS, Monki, Weekday, Cheap Monday, other stories and ARKET. The company provides the best quality with affordable price since its beginning which let the company flourish throughout the world (Zawadzka 2015). Reference About.hm.com 2018 Welcome to the HM Group retrieved from: https://about.hm.com/en.html [Accessed on 10th February, 2018] Arrigo, E., 2018. The Key Role of Retail Stores in Fast Fashion Companies: The HM Case Study. InContemporary Case Studies on Fashion Production, Marketing and Operations(pp. 121-137). Springer, Singapore. Cortez, M.A., Tu, N.T., Van Anh, D., Ng, B.Z. and Vegafria, E., 2014. Fast fashion quadrangle: An analysis.Academy of Marketing Studies Journal,18(1), p.1. Ft.com. (2018).HM faces up to a new reality. [online] Available at: https://www.ft.com/content/9a942bc0-0cd5-11e8-8eb7-42f857ea9f09 [Accessed 10 Feb. 2018]. Li, Y., Zhao, X., Shi, D. and Li, X., 2014. Governance of sustainable supply chains in the fast fashion industry.European Management Journal,32(5), pp.823-836. Mo, Z., 2015. Internationalization process of fast fashion retailers: evidence of HM and Zara.International Journal of Business and Management,10(3), p.217. Nadeem, W., Andreini, D., Salo, J. and Laukkanen, T., 2015. Engaging consumers online through websites and social media: A gender study of Italian Generation Y clothing consumers.International Journal of Information Management,35(4), pp.432-442. Shen, B., 2014. Sustainable fashion supply chain: Lessons from HM.Sustainability,6(9), pp.6236-6249. Youell, M. (2013). An Analysis of the Growth and Success of HM.How They Could Impact the Largest Swiss Watch Company, Swatch Group, 108. Zawadzka, S., 2015. Implementation of Marketing Strategies Practiced by Western and Eastern European Fashion Brands: HM and Reserved Case.

Write A Personal Character College Essay Sample

Write A Personal Character College Essay SampleYou want to write a personal character college essay sample that will grab the attention of your reader. By focusing on a certain topic, you will be able to make your essay stand out in the crowd. No matter how big or small the topic, it will be enough to grab the attention of your reader.If you are faced with writing a personal character college essay sample, you will need to decide on a topic. The best topic is something that relates to your major. For example, if you major in English, you should write about literature and your favorite authors. But you can also write about literary works that you have read and the place you saw them.When you are writing a personal character college essay sample, you should have the right information in order to write well. Take some time to think about the topics that interest you. Focus on the information that you want to have in the essay. There are many ways to find your own topic. You can search o nline, find newspapers and magazines that have articles, or ask your friend for some topics.You can also learn about important aspects of writing a personal character college essay. This will give you more confidence when you are done writing the essay. You will also be able to follow the steps that you are taught to follow when writing the essay.Before you begin writing your essay, you need to prepare a list of topics. Before you start writing, take the time to write these topics down so that you will not forget them when you need them. You can then go back to them and add them to your list. Having a list will help you make sure that you are not going off topic and will give you ideas for your topics. Once you are ready to write, you will notice that the topics will become a part of your essay.Try to keep your essays as short as possible. Remember that people do not have time to read a long essay. Also, try to keep your paragraphs short and to the point. It will help you stay on to pic while still keeping your paragraphs short. If you write too much, you may forget what you were talking about and your readers will have trouble following you.When you are writing a personal character college essay sample, you should be able to gain the attention of your reader by taking advantage of different styles. You can use an essay outlining technique. You can use colloquial language that will allow you to focus on an interesting point and make it clear.Writing a personal character college essay sample will not be difficult if you know how to use different writing styles. You will be able to make your essay great because you will have covered all of the important information. Whether you are writing a paper for a class or just want to show off your writing skills, there are plenty of ways to make your essay stand out.

Marketing Planning free essay sample

Assessment 3: individual reflective essay Introduction The purpose of this article is to analyze and explore the characteristics of the marketing plan. Firstly, it will identify the role and nature of marketing plan. Secondly, it will outlines the structure of the marketing plan. Moreover, the paper will determines the each elements in the marketing plan and the linkage between these elements. Additionally, the two misconceptions will be examined. Last, it will conclude the marketing plan is indispensable to the organizations. Role and Nature of Marketing Plan Marketing plan is a business document that describes the marketing environment, outlines the marketing objectives, analysis current position of business and organize its marketing strategy, details actions of business to achieve the organizations goals. A business plan is the document that provide description of business structure and model, used to detail plans for business, identify goals and strategies, help organizations achieve the result and measure organizations performance. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Planning or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Moreover, It can help company determines the development of business in the future, and prepared for the problems and opportunities, also required for the business financing and written to target potential investors. Since the business continuing change with macro environment and customer demand, marketing plan is a key section which involved in the overall business plan. The marketing plan and business plan are interdependent, and complement each other, both of them are essential parts of successful business. According to Abrams (1993), business plan provide a blueprint to marketing plan. The business plan describes the business goals and the reason for formed the organization. Meanwhile, the marketing plan guide the implementation by organizations marketing department, explains how organization will achieve the goals. If the business plans changes, the actions for the new plans, which included in marketing plans also make changes. Therefore, the set of marketing plans always need meet the business objectives. Normally, there are two types of marketing plan, strategical planning and tactical planning. Strategical planning can define as the organizations resource and capabilities matched by upper managerial decision process to its market opportunities for long-term goals. On the other hand, tactical planning is the execution of lower management of marketing plan to achieve the short-term goals. Both of them must incorporated in the marketing plan to ensure the successful of the companies. In tactically, marketing plan set the expectation of activities of various functional areas of the organization, such as marketing, finance, plant facilities and personnel, and provide the actual actions and information for the activities to ensure achieve the objectives. For example, company advertising goods for particular market and improve the brand image. The tactical marketing plan emphasize on guide the current operation of functional parts of the firm in short range. In strategically, marketing plan used for set the overall goals for organization in long term. The marketing plan provide the information, to assist company target the markets, define the organizational objectives, and clarify the specific performance goals in the future. For instance, the companies can clearly understand what important to their customers, and then set the strategies to meet objectives. Furthermore, It also outlines the weaknesses, strengthens and the competitors within the organizations, such as customer feedback information, competitive Intelligence. Additionally, the marketing plan can facilitate the top management decision making, lower the risks for taking next steps of business, and make the decisions more effective. Structure of Marketing Plan The typically structure of Marketing Plan consist of four stages, which are perform the situation analysis, set up marketing objectives, develop marketing strategies and implementation and control of marketing plan. The first stage is organization perform a situation analysis of marketing environment. The situation analysis will outline the specific organizations oal, and define the potential customers, competitors and distributors. In addition, It also identifies the factors of internal and external environment that support or hinder the organizations objectives, and ensures the market planning effectively. Moreover, the SWOT analysis applied to the situation analysis process, which can identifies strength, weakness, opportunity and threats of the company. The second stage of develop a marketing plan is set marketing objectives. The management will set the market objectives after understanding the market environment, business weakness and strength. The marketing objectives indicate what marketing function must accomplish on behalf of the organization(Solomon, 2012). Marketing objective is different from the organization objective planned in first step, as the marketing objectives are more specific focus on the brand image, sizes, sales, products. Meanwhile, the organization objectives state overall operations of organization. Once define the marketing objectives, the marketing strategies can be develop. Therefore, the third stage is develop marketing strategies. In this marketing planning process, managers must choose the target markets and positioning their products in the markets at first, and then they will develop the marketing mix strategies to support the expectation position of theirs products in the market. In this view, market strategy is different from the marketing plan, because the market strategy set the entire direction and objectives for marketing, but marketing plan outlines the specific actions for the implementation of the market strategy to achieve the marketing objectives. The last stage is implement and control the marketing plan. To implement the marketing strategies, management must decide what level of marketing expenditures is necessary to actually achieve the marketing objectives(Solomon, 2012). The projected budget for marketing need to distribute reasonable among the marketing activities and tools in the marketing mix (Kotler, 1988). Furthermore, the companies need control tools to catch the poorly implementation or bias marketing mix to making sure that activities are not fall off the goals. Elements of the Marketing Plan As the marketing plan structure consists of four parts, there are several elements in each part make up the marketing plan. In the process of perform situation analysis, The organization should analysis both internal and external environment by adopt SWOT analysis. The analysis of internal and external environment are relative independence but cannot deal separately, both of them have pervasive effect on the organizations decisions. and managers will use SWOT analysis to identify the internal and external factors that influence the marketing strategy. Internal environment refers to the controllable elements existing within the organization that affect its performance either positively or negatively, which including facilities, employees,financial stability, organizational cultures,missions, technologies and many other factors. The purpose of internal analysis is conducted based the resources, capability of the organization, understand the organization in depth. The resources can classified as tangible resources, intangible resources and human resource. The tangible resources are easy to identify and evaluate, such as physical facilities and financial resource. Secondly, the intangible resources which can become the competitive advantages over periods, like brand image and technologies. And the human resources refers to the skills, ability and knowledge of the employees that contribute to the organization. Furthermore, the information of organizational capabilities is used to refer to the firm’s capacity for undertaking specific productive activities. Additionally, the SWOT analysis applied to the internal environment identify the key strength and weakness of organization. It ties the strength and weakness of organization to customer requirement, reminding management customer satisfaction are always the most important, and assist the firm to make adjustment to meeting needs of its target market. On the other hand, external environment made of factors outside the organization that positive or negative affect the organizations performance. In this section, managers can conduct four type of analysis, which are customer analysis, competitive analysis, market analysis and environmental analysis. Those analysis can identify all the external factors that have effect on the organization. For example, customer analysis can investigate the customer need and buy motivation; Competitive analysis can identify competitors strategies, objectives and performance; Market analysis state the profitability, entry barriers of the target market; Environmental analysis evaluate the technology, sociological trends and demographic. These external environmental factors are uncontrollable, but managers can respond to them by planning. In this section, the SWOT analysis also applied to this section, which examines the opportunity and threats of the organization. The opportunities may caught by managers and lead the company benefit from them, make the company growth. While, the identified threats which negatively affect the organization may avoided by managers planning. Next, the process of set the marketing objectives is the important segment in marketing plan. The objectives can be established must behind the managers have thorough understanding of the marketing environment. Once the organization builded up the marketing objectives, then organization can development the marketing strategies to achieve the marketing objectives. In the process of develop marketing strategies, it consist of select the target markets and develop marketing mix strategies. The company select the best suitable markets that have greatest possibility to achieve the market objectives. And then, managers make the decisions about activities towards objectives by using the marketing mix tools, and the elements of marketing mix are product, price, promotion and place. All of four elements cannot separately, must be viewed as whole and support each other in the marketing structure; Otherwise marketing strategies for organization will be disorder and uncoordinated. Furthermore, the four elements have sequence for decision making ,the product strategies determined by market objectives, because the products features must designed to satisfy the target customers. In addition, the pricing of product have many conditions, the basic rule is the ricing must expensive than the cost, and the different goods have different prices in different places, thus pricing strategy determined by product strategy and supply chain strategy. Moreover, pricing strategy determine promotion strategy, like managers use pricing strategy that deliver the message to the specific target customers in the promotional strategy. And the supply chain strategies may depend on all of others strategies. As the product is the fundamental part for company making profit, organization should develop product strategies carefully. Product mix strategy is determine what product features and designs will appeal to the organizations target market. The product strategies including the product attribute decisions, branding strategies, packaging, labeling, and services. Moreover, The product life cycle is applied to the managers, which indicates the change of markets response to the products over its life, and product life cycle can assists mangers develop product strategies effectively. Secondly, the pricing strategy decides how much for the products that provide for the customers. Since price is the only element in marketing strategy that create revenue for organization, all the others elements are cost, its clearly a important determinant of achieving objectives(Woof, 2011). In this section, organization need the information that may influence the pricing form the prior analysis, such as economy, customer demand, competition. Then, company choose different pricing strategy for depends on these factors and the result of both product and distribution strategy. Such as cost based, retailer and wholesaler demand based, competition based,customer needs based. The marketing mix pricing can help managers setting the price strategy as a market tool, like wholesale prices, retail price, price skimming. Next, the organization develop promotional strategy after complete the pricing strategy. Promotional strategies state how managers communicate the value of the product with the target market. The purpose of promotional strategy is encourage customers buy products or raise awareness of the product to achieve marketing objectives. In this section, organization required develop the products message and use three models of marketing ommunication to deliver message to the customers, which are one to one, one to many and many to many models, such as personal selling, direct marketing and so on. For example, advertising is type of one-to-many model, and its the most common way that organization communication with customers. However, there are many bias and cheated information existing in the advertising, and the customer perceive of the advertising is commonly untruthful and deceptive, which may have negatively effect on the organizational promotion. Last, as the place is the only element that may give organization long-term competitive advantages, managers should have patience on deal the supply chain strategies. The supply chain strategies refers to when and where to make the product available to the customers, and the purpose of supply chain strategy is lower the operational cost and maximizing the efficiencies of the organization, a good supply chain strategy can create value for the organization. Meanwhile, it can establish the relationship between the organization and customers, For example, Ikea delegate the distribution function to the customers, offer them the choice which is picking up the items in the store, that may save shipping charge for the customer. Furthermore, as the globalization, more and more organization choose to sell the products through the retailers, and become the global brand can make more profit. If the organization choose sell the products through retailers and wholesalers, the managers need consider the product, pricing, and promotion decisions for choosing the retailers. Although the supply chain strategy make organization more competitive, Nonetheless, there still have ethical dilemma issue, which is slotting allowance, a fee force charged by the manufactures to large retailers( Solomon, 2012). The last stage for marketing plan is implement and control. In this stage, implementation links the developed marketing strategies with marketing performance, and summarize the budget and timelines for the activities from the previous section. In the process of implementation, it consist of four elements. The action plans detail how the marketing strategies will be implemented by the managers, including responsibility of individuals, scheduled activities, total budget, and measurement and control to ensure the objectives actually achieved. To implement the plans, all the information of marketing objectives and strategies are needed, also the organizations should clarify the tasks and performance of each management ,in order to avoid the confusing on individual responsible. Besides, the timeline allocate the reasonable time to each activities for achieve the objectives. The timeline can help managers understand if tactics driving any sales(William, 1978). Furthermore, organization should check the budgets usually, a effectively schedule and monitor make the activities progress easy to monitor, once the time line not matched, and the budget cost overrun, the managers can adjust the plan immediately. Finally, managers must ensure the effectively measurement and control to determine what level that the organization actually meet the marketing goals, and acting flexible, adjustment the strategies or objectives on the basis of this analysis if necessary. Nevertheless, the marketing plan may be not reliable due to the many reasons, such as the mix up of tactics and strategies, poor implementation, not widely accepted marketing plan structure and so on. If organization faced those problems, may be need find out the problem and fix it or redo the marketing plan. The research and trend analysis may applied to the control process. The research refers to the organization conduct continuous market research to understand their brand position among target markets, and trend analysis can examine sales by geographic area,distributor, chain and reseller type. Obviously, these techniques help management more effective on decision making and ensure the quality of decisions. Assumptions There have many misconceptions made in relation to the market plan in the market. According to the Andereck (2005), The most common one is managers always think they know what theirs customers want . Many managers never conduct the customer analysis to research what is customers truly want and demands in the internal environment, because they think they understand customers, but actually is not. always. However, In the marketing plan, the SWOT analysis used to identify the organizations weakness and strengths , and make adjustment to meet the customers needs and requirement, which indicate how important the customers demands to the rganizations. Therefore, its crucial to managers understand the customers, and research the customers demands should be the first task for managers job. Additionally, some managers think if they advertising, its mean they have a marketing plan( Ali, 2001). Which thought is totally wrong. Advertising activity is one of the marketing promotional strategies, its one to many model, and can spread to the market quickly, give positively effec t on organizational promotion. However, it’s only a tactic, which is one of the many ways that deliver the product messages to the target customers. Organization must have an integrated plan that enable produce many tactics and conduct the situation analysis to understand the customers needs, then complete the marketing product, pricing and supply chain strategies. Finally, managers can use these tactics corporate the previous information to implement the promotional strategies to achieve the marketing objectives. Conclusion This report has analyzed the role, nature, structure, elements of marketing plan, and the links exist between each elements of a marketing plan. Moreover, the article also provide the common misconception made relate to the marketing plan. In overall, the marketing plan is a essential tool for the managers, and provided detailed direction for the organizations. If the marketing plan planned by managers or marketers step by step, carefully evaluated and researched, it will assist the organization to achieve the marketing objectives, and help them make decisions effectiveness. Reference list Abrams, Rhonda M. (1993). The Successful Business Plan: Secrets Strategies. Oasis Press. Ali,Moi. (2001). Marketing Effectively. New York. Dorling Kindersley. Andereck, Ph. D. ,Kathleen. (2005). Marketing Plan Outlineprovidedto AOT. Unpublished. Cohen, William A. (1991). The Practice of Marketing Management. New York: Macmillan. Kotler, (1988) Marketing Management analysis, planning, implementation, and control. Prentice-Hall, New Jersey. Mullins, J. , Walker, O. and Harper Boyd Jr. , H. 2009), Marketing Management: A Strategic Decision-Making Approach, 7th Edition, McGraw Hill, Australia and New Zealand. Solomon, M. R. Marshall, G. W. Stuart, E. W. (2012). Marketing: Real People Real Choices (7th edn), Pearson Education Inc. , Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, USA. William H. Brannen. (1978). Small business marketing: a selected and annotated bibliography. American Marketing Association Woof, M. B. (2011) The Marketing Plan Handbook, (4th edn), Pearson Education Inc. , Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, USA.

fragments essays

fragments essays FRAGMENTS Fragments, is an experimental performance that is not based on a specific plot or theme, so the building up to a major climax through out the performance was not very clear, however each scene had a minor climax. People who watched the performance would realize that it had a lot of tempo and rhythm. Tempo and rhythm were very clear in the performance, at times it was slow and at other times it was fast. Naji used a lot of ways to speed up the tempo. For instance there was no pauses in between scenes. There was always something happening on stage, the character Lina and her twin were always in between the scenes. They kind of linked one scene to another and in the same time they were adding a new impression, they added to the visual picturization of the stage at times, for instance when the actors where dancing between the audience they were dancing behind they wall in their boxes. In the performance their were a lot of scenes and each scene was consistent with a different tempo and rhythm. There was the twins scene, hands scene, aquarium scene, the metamorphisis scene, wolves, chains, bags, dream, and name scene. Speed varied at times from slow to fast and that was very effective in creating variety and sustaining the audiences attention. In the first 10 minutes of the performance, movement on stage was slow, the characters came out on stage with the same rhythm, they came out slowly and stood in their positions. The metamorphosis from fetus (weak body position) to wolf (strong body position) was also slow, and this can be considered as an external technique which affects climax. That slow beginning enabled the audience to adjust their eyes and concentration on what is happening on stage and it helped in capturing their full attention. In the wolves scenes the tempo and rhythm was in general very fast, although sudden changes of speed was used, like for ...

Zinc Finger Nucleases Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Zinc Finger Nucleases - Essay Example When mRNA or genes coding for modified ZFNs are expressed in cells they introduce site-specific breaks in target DNA, which when repaired by the cellular DNA repair machinery, result in substitutions or deletions at the cleavage site, thus introducing a site-specific mutation. 1) Cite four research papers that use this method (20%) and describe, with the aid of diagrams if necessary. 2) How ZFNs can be used to carry out site-directed mutagenesis and how the use of genome sequence data is essential to use this technique (80%). Upper Word Limit: †¦3000 RELEVANT MODULE LEARNING OBJECTIVES 1. Describe the different means of making targeted sets of mutations to systematically analyse gene function. 2. Be able to develop practical expertise in applying bioinformatics methods to biological problems 3. Have further developed your skills in information retrieval from library and Web site sources. 4. Have gained additional experience in critical reading of original literature. 5. Have dev eloped further your ability to study To be signed by the student I have read and understood the University regulations and the Departmental guidelines on cheating in my Degree Handbook. I confirm that, in preparing this piece of work, I have followed those guidelines. I understand that my work may be submitted for checking to the JISC Plagiarism Detection Service and that use of this Service complies with UK Data Protection Law. Word Count: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦2730 words excluding cover page and references†¦ Signature of student†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Date†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Failure to sign and clearly identify this piece of work will result in no marks being awarded. Note: The standard turnaround time for marked coursework is four weeks. Turnaround times for coursework involving multiple and/or ext ernal markers may be longer. In these cases the module supervisor will advise when the coursework will be returned. Site-Directed Mutagenesis by Engineered Zinc Finger Nucleases Background A zinc finger refers to a secondary structural motif of certain proteins. The zinc finger folds in a manner that allows it to coordinate or hold a zinc metal. There are several zinc finger motifs; the most common is the Cys2His2 zinc finger that consists of an antiparallel ?-sheet and an ?-helix coordinated by 2 His and 2 Cys residues that bind a zinc atom. The zinc finger proteins are involved in many reactions like mediating protein-protein interactions, RNA binding, but they are most known to be involved DNA sequence-specific binding. Two or more zinc fingers comprise the DNA-binding domain. Each zinc finger domain binds to three bases on the DNA. If there are more zinc fingers, then more bases are bound. Bound regions by the zinc fingers are usually three bp apart, and bind to the major groove of DNA. The capacity of the zinc finger proteins to recognize highly specific DNA sequences for binding was exploited by researchers to produce, design, or engineer zinc finger nucleases (ZFN) that can cut the target DNA at specific sites. Usually, these zinc finger nucleases have similar motifs as that of Cys2His2 zinc finger protein. In order to cut a specific target site on the DNA, the engineered zinc finger protein was fused with the cleavage site of FokI endonuclease, which is a restriction enzyme. FokI has a strict requirement for dimerization to the DNA; this is the reason why two different ZFNs are designed in opposing direction to bind the FokI restriction site (Figure 1). One ZNF can have several zinc fingers but only one nuclease domain. Many engineered ZFNs are targeted to attach to different DNA regions. After the ZFNs specifically bind the target DNA regions, the Fok1

Mandatory Mediation in Common and Civil Law Countries Essay

Mandatory Mediation in Common and Civil Law Countries - Essay Example Common law system countries use mandatory mediation more prevalently than civil law countries who proceed with considerable caution. The process of litigation is a complex process, which is usually avoided by many people. The civil justice system in the UK is already exhausted of cases, which have not been resolved because of various legal justifications. This negatively impacts on the involved parties because of the increase in the cost of the various court cases as time elapses. Mediation can reform the civil justice system of the UK because it ensures there is efficiency in the dispensation of justice. Consequently, savings are made and time management is upheld.In this respect, the aggrieved parties are satisfied with the mediation dispute resolutions. The mutual satisfaction of the concerned parties is never achieved in a trial setting. The introduction of mandatory mediation in civil cases aims at reducing the backlog of unresolved cases in courts of law. Mandatory mediation is a demonized element in many legal jurisdictions, although it does not affect the delivery of justice to the parties in the civil cases. Darbas (2010) asserts that the cost of mandatory intervention justifies the use of this method in the resolution of many cases. It is a better method compared to the trial because in the trial of a case, the judges can give a subjective ruling, which must be accepted. In mandatory mediation cases are resolved in an amicable manner without favor.